Photovoltaic power generation technology, especially large-scale ground photovoltaic power station technology, has become more and more mature in wide application in recent years. However, the ground photovoltaic power generation market has experienced significant fluctuations because the market depends on factors such as national policies and land and environmental resources. And it isn't easy to expand and promote stably and continuously in a particular market. Based on this situation, more and more photovoltaic companies pay attention and invest many resources to promote residential photovoltaic systems. This paper briefly introduces the residential photovoltaic system (on-grid and off-grid systems) and analyzes the applicable market of residential photovoltaic grid-connected systems worldwide. Preliminary discussion, accounting, and analysis of economic benefits.
The working principle of the residential on-grid power generation system: A residential on-grid power generation system is to install solar modules on the roof of residents, and the system is connected to the grid to undertake the power supply task jointly. When the solar radiation of the module meets the power generation requirements, the inverter in the system converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic power generation system into an alternating current, which directly supplies power to the household loads of the residents. The remaining electricity will be integrated into the grid if it exceeds household electricity consumption. The holder of the power generation system can also choose to directly integrate all the power generated by the photovoltaic system into the grid. Suppose the amount of solar radiation cannot meet the power generation requirements required by the system. In that case, the grid directly supplies all the electricity required by the household load.
The working principle of the residential grid-connected power generation system:
The working principle of the residential off-grid power generation system is very similar to that of the residential grid-connected power generation system. The difference is that the power of the off-grid system is not transmitted to the public grid and is directly consumed by the load. Considering the volatility of photovoltaic power generation, such as generating electricity during the day but not at night, good power generation in sunny days or less, or no power generation in rainy weather, residential off-grid power generation systems need to be equipped with batteries (groups). The off-grid solar power generation system consists of photovoltaic modules, controllers, inverters, and batteries (groups).
Applications of the residential on-grid and off-grid power generation systems:
The residential grid-connected power generation system needs to be connected to the grid and is suitable for areas covered by the grid and stable power supply. The primary purpose of installing a residential grid-connected power generation system is to save energy and reduce consumption, increase the proportion of green energy, and reduce pollution. With the strong support of national policies, the state and local governments' subsidy policies can also increase system holders' income. Based on the requirements for the installation site of the residential grid-connected power generation system, it can be found that the urbanized rural areas are more suitable for promoting the residential grid-connected power generation system. , There are few high-rise buildings around (there is not much shading). The city has many high-rise buildings, which is challenging to realize. However, the villa area is still suitable for promoting the grid-connected power generation system for residents.
Residential off-grid power generation system is mainly used to solve the problem of people's living electricity consumption in areas without electricity or severe power shortage. It is more applicable in Africa, island countries, and some remote areas with low power grid coverage. Compared with traditional diesel power generation, the application time is not as long as that of diesel power generation. The follow-up maintenance is more complex than diesel power generation. Hence, the coverage of the residential off-grid power generation system is not as comprehensive as that of the diesel power generation. Still, the residential off-grid power generation system has advantages. It lies in energy saving and consumption reduction, government policy support, and no consumables in the follow-up. Because of these advantages of residential off-grid power generation, its market potential is better than that of diesel power generation systems.
The most common methods currently on the market are as follows:
1. The house owner recognizes the advantages of the residential grid-connected roof system and the benefits it can bring in the future, purchases the system from the suppliers by themselves, and asks the installation company to install it. After the completion, the owner is responsible for the follow-up maintenance and directly enjoys the system's economic benefits. The power generation is given priority to self-use, and the surplus power is connected to the grid.
2. Residential grid-connected power generation system suppliers look for suitable roof installations in the market and reach an agreement with the homeowner. The system supplier will provide equipment, install it and be responsible for subsequent maintenance, and the homeowner will provide the roof for a fee (in the form of roof rental). , or share power generation revenue with system suppliers at a certain percentage). The generated electricity is directly connected to the grid for sale.
3. Residential grid-connected power generation system supply Provide financial support to homeowners with suitable installed systems (such as the mode of installment payment). After the homeowner has passed the credit review, the supplier will provide and install the system. The homeowner has the right to use the system and enjoy the economic benefits of power generation. Still, it needs to report to the financial institution designated by the system supplier within a certain period (generally, For the bank), and the system lease fee is paid on time. When the lease expires, the homeowner can choose to become the system holder, renew the lease or terminate the contract.
Due to the high initial installation cost of the residential grid-connected power generation system and the long capital recovery period, these two factors restrict the development of the market. Therefore, the innovation of business models has become an essential factor in promoting the system.
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