Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the electrochemical performance of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries:

1. Comparison of Lithium Batteries and Lead Acid Batteries in Gravity Energy Density

At present, the energy density of lithium batteries is generally 200~260wh/g, lead acid is generally 50~70wh/g, and the weight energy density of lithium batteries is 3~5 times that of lead acid, which means that under the same weight, the capacity of lithium batteries is higher than that of lead-acid batteries. Acid batteries are three to five times stronger, so lithium batteries have an absolute advantage in energy storage.

2. Comparison of volumetric energy density between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries

Since the volume capacity density of lithium batteries is usually about 1.5 times that of lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries are about 30% smaller than lead-acid batteries at the same capacity.

3. Comparison of the life cycle of lithium battery and lead-acid battery

At present, the most popular lithium battery materials are ternary lithium and iron lithium. For example, ternary lithium batteries typically have 1,000 cycles, lithium iron phosphate batteries typically have over 2,000 cycles, and lead-acid batteries typically have 300-350 cycles. Then it means that the life of a lithium battery is about 3-6 times that of a lead-acid battery.

4. Comparison of lithium battery and lead-acid battery in price

Lead-acid batteries are currently cheaper than lithium-ion batteries, which are about three times as expensive. However, through the service life analysis, the life of the lithium battery is longer if the exact cost is used.

5. Comparison of the applicability of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries

In terms of safety, lithium batteries are slightly worse than lead-acid batteries, but the temperature applicability is excellent. Therefore, lithium batteries are not as good as lead-acid batteries in terms of compatibility. Therefore, lithium batteries are in danger of fire or explosion during use, such as some external factors, which lead to lithium batteries being damaged due to accidents. , so various safety precautions must be taken.

6. Comparison of lithium battery and lead-acid battery in environmental protection

Because lead-acid batteries have severe pollution, they can cause environmental damage in the production process or discard waste batteries.
Therefore, from an environmental point of view, it is imperative to limit the reinvestment of lead-acid batteries or limit the use of lead-acid batteries in some areas.

Second, the comparison of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries in terms of environmental pollution:

1. Lithium battery pollution

Lithium batteries contain lithium hexafluorophosphate and other harmful substances, which will cause severe pollution to the environment and ecosystem. Heavy metals such as diamond, manganese, and copper will also harm humans themselves through the biological chain through accumulation, which is highly harmful. Influences. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are zero pollution as power energy equipment, so enterprises have excellent prospects for lithium iron phosphate batteries. As a new-century energy source, is it true that there is no pollution? The answer is negative. Whether it is a general battery or a lithium battery, because the battery itself is a chemical substance, when it is placed in nature, the internal substances begin to decompose over time. If you don't know what to do with it, you can put it away first and send it to the collection station when you have a chance. There are also particular garbage bins for recycling used batteries, and garbage stations will also classify them, and they can also be sent directly to the local environmental protection bureau.

The pollution from lithium batteries will be there, but it is relatively small.

2. Lead-acid battery pollution

The primary pollutant of lead-acid batteries is lead, so what are the hazards of lead pollution? Lead-acid battery pollution is mainly in the production process. Lead-containing heavy metal wastewater is produced in the coating and battery cleaning processes. In the grid casting, alloy preparation, lead parts, and aluminum powder manufacturing processes, a variety of lead-containing fumes and lead dust are produced.

1) Effects of lead on the nervous system

The central nervous system of the human body is the general manager of life activities, and its functional state plays a leading role in the course of lead poisoning. Lead can impair shape intelligence, visual motor function, memory, and reaction time; language and spatial abstraction; sensory and Changes in behavior; fatigue, insomnia, irritability, headache, hyperactivity, and other symptoms; moderate or above lead poisoning, polyneuritis may occur, severe cases may even damage peripheral nerves or spinal cord anterior horn cells, leading to "lead paralysis" In severe cases of late lead poisoning, toxic encephalopathy may be caused by qualitative lesions of the central nervous system, such as intracranial vasospasm, which promotes early sclerosis of cerebral blood vessels.

2) The effect of lead on the hematopoietic system

Lead can affect the metabolism of phylloline, an intermediate product in the process of hemoglobin synthesis. When the body is exposed to lead poisoning, it affects the conversion of 6-aminolevulinic acid (6-ALA) into phycobilin and the conversion of fecal phylloline into podophyllin. Porphyrin, protoporphyrin, and ferrous iron synthesize ferritin and other processes, leading to obstacles in hemoglobin and lead-induced anemia. Lead-induced anemia is common in lead workers and children, especially children. In addition, lead also inhibits Na+- on red blood cell membranes. K+-ATPase and inhibition of the pentose phosphate bypass lead to hemolysis.

3) The effect of lead on the digestive system

Under the action of lead poisoning, a series of changes in gastrointestinal function may occur. Lead can inhibit the function of the pancreas and increase the secretion of salivary glands and gastric glands; at the same time, the lead will combine with hydrogen sulfide in the intestinal tract so that the hydrophobic hydrogen loses the effect of promoting intestinal peristalsis. , leading to intractable constipation.

4) Effects of lead on other organ systems

Lead can damage the kidney's proximal tubules and glomerular cells, increase the glomerular filtration rate, and impair renal tubular reabsorption. Lead-toxic nephropathy can occur in severe cases, such as nephrogenic hypertension. Lead can inhibit the mixed-function oxidase of the liver. Synthesis, resulting in impaired liver biotransformation, reducing liver detoxification function; lead can also affect human reproductive function, distort sperm, and maternal lead can affect fetal development through the placenta, resulting in fetal malformation, causing severe harm to human reproduction.